ABSTRACT
This study examines collective bargaining as a critical mechanism in labor law, facilitating negotiations between employers and employees to achieve fair and equitable employment conditions. Recognized under international frameworks like the International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions, collective bargaining promotes industrial peace, economic productivity, and the balance of power in employment relationships. The study explores its historical evolution, legal foundations, and contemporary challenges posed by globalization, technological advancements, and non-standard employment. By addressing these issues, this research highlights the role of collective bargaining in fostering sustainable labor relations in a dynamic global economy.
Keywords: collective bargaining, labor law, ILO Conventions, industrial relations, employment negotiations, non-standard employment
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Collective bargaining is a cornerstone of labor law, enabling employers and employees to negotiate terms of employment, including wages, working hours, and workplace policies. This process serves as a mechanism for regulating industrial relations and addressing disputes through dialogue and mutual agreement. Recognized as a fundamental right under international frameworks such as the ILO Conventions, collective bargaining is instrumental in promoting social justice and economic stability. However, the modern labor market, characterized by globalization, digital transformation, and evolving employment patterns, presents new challenges to the traditional models of collective bargaining. This study aims to analyze the significance of collective bargaining in contemporary labor relations, with a focus on its legal and practical implications.