ABSTRACT
Live-in relationships are becoming increasingly common in modern India, particularly in urban settings. Despite the growing societal acceptance, Indian law continues to tread cautiously in granting these relationships full legal recognition. This article examines the evolution of judicial interpretation, statutory backing under laws such as the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, and the continuing challenges faced by individuals— especially women and LGBTQ+ partners—in live-in arrangements. The article argues for a structured legal framework to ensure rights and protections for all individuals choosing cohabitation outside traditional marriage.
- INTRODUCTION
The traditional Indian family structure has historically revolved around marriage, often arranged and solemnized with deep cultural and religious significance. However, over the past two decades, an alternative form of companionship—live-in relationships—has surfaced prominently, particularly among younger, urban populations. The Indian judiciary has responded with a mixed approach: acknowledging certain rights of cohabiting partners while refraining from equating such arrangements with marriage. The need for a clear statutory framework has never been more pressing.