Abstract
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are among the most vulnerable regions in the world to climate change impacts—despite contributing minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions. This article explores the environmental, economic, and human impacts of climate change on island nations, while critically assessing international frameworks such as the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement, and the SAMOA Pathway.It highlights the disconnect between international commitments and real-world implementation, particularly in the context of climate finance and adaptation. Emphasizing the principle of climate justice, this article calls for more inclusive governance, accessible funding mechanisms, and urgent policy shifts to safeguard the future of SIDS and, by extension, the global climate system.
Keywords: Climate change, Small Island Developing States, SIDS, global warming, climate finance, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, SAMOA Pathway, sea level rise, environmental justice, island nations, COP26, loss and damage, climate refugees, climate policy, adaptation strategies, climate vulnerability
Introduction
Climate change is not a distant threat—it is a current crisis that disproportionately affects the most vulnerable regions of the world. Among these, Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are on the front lines. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and ecological degradation are not just environmental issues for these nations—they are existential threats. This article explores the unique challenges faced by small island nations and the evolving global frameworks aimed at protecting them.