Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is undergoing a rapid transformation of legal systems, economies, and industries on a global scale. Governments are confronted with the challenge of effectively regulating AI technologies as they become more integrated into daily life. The regulation of AI has been approached differently by the United States and India, two of the world’s largest economies and technology centers. The United States implements a sectoral and risk-based strategy, in which a variety of agencies supervise AI applications within their respective domains. Conversely, India is still in the early phases of AI regulation, with a focus on broader data protection laws and policy frameworks rather than dedicated AI-specific legislation.
This comparative study investigates the regulatory landscape of AI in both countries, with a particular emphasis on critical legal aspects, including data protection, liability, intellectual property, ethical concerns, criminal law, employment, and autonomous systems regulation. This research endeavors to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the legal frameworks of India and the United States, as well as to investigate potential pathways for future AI governance, by examining the similarities and differences between the two countries. It is essential to comprehend the various legal systems’ approaches to AI regulation in order to create equitable policies that promote innovation while safeguarding the public interest as AI continues to develop. This research not only contributes to academic discourse but also offers valuable insights for AI developers, legal practitioners, and policymakers as they navigate the intricacies of AI governance.