ABSTRACT
With rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies being made across various fields, there has emerged a scenario wherein such advanced technologies have permeated the field of criminal justice.In light of the above, therefore, it becomes necessary to deliberate on some important questions in respect of justice, fairness, due process, and human rights. India, a nation that has long grappled with issues such as a congested judiciary, a high number of undertrial cases, dysfunctional police departments, and ingrained biases, finds itself at a crossroads where the emergence of such technologies holds both great promise as well as great danger. In this research paper, an attempt will be made to examine the emergence of AI technologies within the Indian criminal justice system in respect of how the same are being employed in predictive policing, facial recognition technology, forensic sciences, judicial processes, and prisons. On the basis of the Constitutional philosophy, legislation, judicial rulings, and international experience, it can be concluded that the employment of AI technologies offers tremendous possibilities; however, if not controlled, it might exacerbate pre-existing biases and infringe upon fundamental human rights.
The paper reviews the current lack of laws regarding AI in India and suggests an effective regulatory mechanism which can strike a balance between technological development and protection of civil liberties. The findings of the research show that the proper use of AI in the criminal justice system needs to be achieved through joint efforts of different parties.
Key Words : Artificial intelligence, Criminal Justice, Predictive Policing, Facial Recognition, Due Process, Algorithmic Bias, Legal Implications, Fundamental Right, Surveillance.